Overview of thyroid gland characteristics in pregnancy using ultrasonography as an assessment tool

Thyroid gland is one of the most common affected during pregnancy as it responds to increased physiological demands iodine and energy pregnancy. Any thyroid dysfunction can result in abortion, preterm labor or affects fetal neurodevelopment. Various anthropometric factors genetic apart from intake are known affect size gland. Changes morphology be easily measured using ultrasonography clinically enlargement labelled goiter. In this review, we aimed evaluate changes assess different affecting its across various studies literature data concerning controversial. articles on volume were reviewed along with a cross-sectional observation done government hospital setup India, 240 patients who divided into 4 groups 60 each which included non-pregnant females group 1 pregnant all three trimesters respectively rest 3 groups. characteristics such volume, nodularity, echogenicity vascularity high frequency then compared. third trimester (7.24±1.16 ml) was found significantly greater (p<0.001) than (5.44±0.82 ml). BMI highest expected. Even sufficient areas increase nodularity. Vascularity assessed based CDFS pattern shows I common. Variation between controls found.